Learning Team Industry Averages and Financial Ratios Essay Example for Free

Learning Team Industry Averages and Financial Ratios Essay Watch the Industry Averages and Financial Ratios video and use the industry classification from the financial services website to locate the companys SIC code on the U.S. Department of Labors website. Find the industry ratios for the company using the Dun   Bradstreet ® Key Business Ratios link in the Week 2 Electronic Reserve Readings. If your companys SIC code does not appear in the dropdown menu, choose another company. Assume the inventory ratio is based on a traditional inventory system, but globalized markets and the supply chain make it critical to adopt lean principles to create a more efficient system. Calculate the 14 ratios (show your calculations) for the company using the two most recent annual financial statements found on the financial information website you used earlier. Be careful not to use quarterly information, and include ratios for both years. Note. You can access a downloadable Ratio Guide PDF by clicking the Help Guide link in the upper-right of the Dun Bradstreet ® Key Business Ratios window. Compare the ratios for the company you selected with the appropriate industry ratios including profitability, solvency, and efficiency ratios shown on the Dun Bradstreet ® report. Write a 350-word response about how the company you selected performed compared with the industry. Instructor Notes: Also upload the following: Formula and calculations of your companys financial ratios for most recent two years (Excel) Dun Bradstreet financial ratios for your companys SIC code (exported to Excel) (Please delete the text in yellow-highlight above) Industry Averages and Financial Ratios Paper The purpose of this analysis is for our team to analyze how Amazon.com Inc. performed compared with the industry based on financial ratios. In Attachment 1, our team provides the industry ratios for the company using the Dun Bradstreet Key Business Ratios. In Attachment 2, we provide the Balance Sheet and Income Statement information for the company’s most recent two years. In Attachment 3, our team calculates the company’s 14 financial ratios. In Attachment 4, we compare the financial ratios with appropriate industry ratios including profitability, solvency, and efficiency ratios. Analysis of Company’s Financial Ratios Compared to Industry’s Financial Ratios Xxxx Provide an analysis of the selected company’s 14 financial ratios compared to the industry’s financial ratios. Compare the most recent two years from DB industry average to the same two years from your calculated financial ratios. Use the â€Å"Median† from the DB industry average Remember to select financial ratios related to profitability, solvency, and  efficiency ratios. Note: the analysis includes interpreting the importance of the company’s vs. the industry’s financial ratios. 3 points out of 3 possible points (please do not delete these lines with point scoring) Conclusion References [Insert references here.] Attachment 1 Industry’s ratios from Dun Bradstreet ® Key Business Ratios Solvency Ratios Solvency ratios measure the financial soundness of a business and how well a company can satisfy its short- and long-term obligations. DB uses six key financial business ratios to measure a company’s solvency: †¢ Quick Ratio, also called â€Å"acid test† or â€Å"liquid† ratio, considers only cash, marketable securities and accounts receivable because they are considered to be the most liquids forms of current assets. A Quick Ratio less that 1.0 implies â€Å"dependency† on inventory and other current assets to liquidate short-term debt. Cash + Accounts Receivable à · Current Liabilities †¢ Current Ratio is a comparison of current assets to current liabilities, commonly used as a measure of short-run solvency, i.e., the immediate ability of a business to pay its current debts as they come due. Potential creditors use this ratio to measure a company’s liquidity or ability to pay off short-term debts. Current Assets à · Cur rent Liabilities †¢ Current Liabilities to Net Worth Ratio indicates the amount due creditors within a year as a percentage of the owners or stockholders investment. The smaller the net worth and the larger the liabilities, the less security for creditors. Normally a business starts to have trouble when this relationship exceeds 80%. Current Liabilities à · Net Worth †¢ Current Liabilities to Inventory Ratio shows, as a percentage, the reliance on available inventory for payment of debt (how much a company relies on funds from disposal of unsold inventories to meet its current debt). Current Liabilities à · Inventory †¢ Total Liabilities to New Worth Ratio shows how all of a company’s debt relates to the equity of the owners or stockholders.  The higher this ratio, the less protection there is for the creditors of the business. Total Liabilities à · Net Worth †¢ Fixed Assets to Newt Worth Ratio shows the percentage of assts centered in fixed assets compared to total equity. Generally the higher this percentage is over 75%, the more vulnerable a business becomes to unexpected hazards and climate changes. Fixed Assets à · Net Worth Efficiency Ratios Efficiency ratios measure the quality of a business’ receivables and how efficiently it uses and controls its assets, how effectively the firm is paying suppliers and whether the business is overtrading or undertrading on its equity. DB uses five key financial business ratios to measure a company’s efficiency: †¢ Collection Period Ratio is helpful in analyzing the collectability of accounts receivable or how fast a business can increase its cash supply. Accounts Receivable à · Sales x 365 Days †¢ Sales to Inventory Ratio provides a yardstick for comparing stock-to-sales ratios of a business with others in the same industry. A high ratio may indicate that sales are being lost because of low inventory and/or customers are buying elsewhere. A low ratio may indicate that inventories are obsolete or stagnant. Annual Net Sale à · Inventory †¢ Assets to Sales Ratio shows how efficiently a business is usingits assets to generate revenue. A high ratio may indicate the business is not aggressive or that its assts are not fully used. A low ratio may indicate a company is selling more than can safely fulfilled by its assets. Total Assets à · Net Sales †¢ Sales to Net Working Capital Ratio shows the number of times working capital turns over annually in relation to net sales. A high turnover rate may indicate that the business relies heavily on credit. Sales à · Net Working Capital †¢ Accounts Payable to Sales Ratio shows how a company pays its suppliers in relation to the sales volume being transacted. A low percentage may indicate a healthy ratio. A high percentage may indicate that the business may be using suppliers to help finance its operation. Accounts Payable à · Net Sales Profitability Ratios Profitability ratios measure how well a company is performing by analyzing how profit was earned relative to sales, total assets and net worth. DB uses three key financial business ratios to measure a company’s efficiency: †¢ Return on Sales (Profit Margin) Ratio measures the profits after taxes on the year’s sales. The higher the ratio, the better prepared the business is to handle downtrends brought on by adverse conditions. Net Profit After  Taxes à · Net Sales †¢ Return on Assets (ROA) Ratio shows the after tax earnings of assets and is an indicator of how profitable a company is. Return on assets ratio is the key indicator of the profitability of a company. It matches net profits after taxes with the assets used to earn such profits. A high percentage rated indicates the company is well run and has a healthy return on assets. Net Profit After Taxes à · Total Assets †¢ Return on Net Worth Ratio measure the ability of a company’s management to realize an adequate return on the capital invested by the owners in the company. Net Profit After Taxes à · Net Worth Median Median is the value from the midpoint that falls halfway between the Upper and Lower Quartiles. Industry Quartiles Industry Quartiles are static values taken directly from the KBR database tables. The value from the midpoint that falls halfway to the top of the list is selected as the Upper Quartile. The value that is halfway between the median and the bottom of the list is selected as the Lower Quartile.

Religion and Relationships in Christina Rossetti’s Work Essay -- Gobli

Religion and Relationships in Christina Rossetti’s Work Our dreams are commonly known as the subconscious manifestations of our inner desires. Creative writing, like dreams, can represent an outlet, a method of pseudo-fulfillment for those unrealized wishes or fears. In the case of much fiction, especially poetry, these hidden triumphs are often so subtle that the reader may not recognize the achievement or the repressed emotion to which it relates. Christina Rossetti is known as one of the primary female figures of the Victorian Period. The majority of her poetry falls into one of two categories: religion and relationships. Many of her poems on relationships included a theme of death, yet often centered on the relationship between the dead or dying and their loved ones. She wrote a number of poems on love, as well, but these often bring forth a sense of loss, avoidance, fear, or disbelief. Based on some of these love poems and the fact that she was reportedly in love twice during her lifetime, it seems clear that Christina Rossetti was no stranger to the desires of humanity. We, as people, tend to have a natural urge to be seen on a very personal level, to be understood for that which makes us unique, and to be loved in spite of these things. Rossetti’s â€Å"religious poetry acknowledged these longings and formed an outlet for them. Many of her ‘poems explore what she saw as the great danger that the Victorian cult of love and marriage posed to the souls of woman’† (Touchà © 4). She held very strongly to her faith and is reported to have turned down two men whom she dearly loved because of religious differences that she could not overcome. â€Å"As a deeply religious woman she was afraid somebody ‘could co... ...J. and Vivienne J. Rundle, ed. The Broadview Anthology of Victorian Poetry and Poetic Theory. Orchard Park: Broadview Press,1999. Everett, Glenn. â€Å"The Life of Christina Rossetti.† Victorian Web. 26 Nov. 2004. 14 Dec. 2004. . â€Å"Maid.† Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary. 1976. Rossetti, Christina. â€Å"Promises Like Pie-Crust.† Net Poems. 2003. 13 Dec. 2004. . Touchà ©, Julia. â€Å"The Longing for Motherhood and the Concept of Infertility in the Poetry of Christina Rossetti.† Victorian Web. 26 Nov. 2004. 14 Dec. 2004. . â€Å"Virgin.† Def. 1a. Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary. 1976. Womble, Alison. â€Å"Sappho and Christina Rossetti II.† Victorian Web. 26 Nov. 2004. 14 Dec. 2004. .

Employer And Employee Relation

1. Given Bandag Auto’s size, and anything else you know about it, explain why and how the human resource management function should be reorganized. Answer: Bandag automotive is a family oriented business that has great potential for maximum growth. The only issue is that the human resource management function there is not operated in a productive way. Bandag automotive should focus on a brand new strategy to develop a more structured and organized human resource unit. The management function should be able to recruit great employees, handle payroll, administer benefits, and also provide services, such as help resolve work related problems. A new human resource management function could create a positive impact on the company. 2. Recommend what Bandag should change and/or improve upon regarding the current HR systems, forms, and practices the company now uses. Answer: Bandag should start over fresh with a whole new HR firm one that is experienced, and service above standards of majority HR firms. Jim should prepare a meeting with his HR firm to be sure the policies work along with his company strategy. The Human resource team should consists of several different members with similar but different titles. For example, Jim would be the person to decide who will be the executive assistant, HR manager, and HR representative the one that assist with recruiting employees for the company. These practices will make a huge improvement toward Bandag HR department, by providing quality services to the company and its employees. 3. Jim fired an employee for creating what the manager called a poisonous relationship. Explain whether or not the employee has a legitimate claim against the company and the actions the company should take. Answer: Jim firing the employee Henry Jacques, because he was having problems interacting with co-workers, in my opinion was wrong. Although, looking at the issue in a business perspective, Henry Jacques was not getting along with his co-workers, which did create a bad working environment. Also, he later reported that he had mental issues, in which was never mention to management before he was terminated. Therefore, Henry does not have a legitimate claim against the company, because it is the law to notify your employer of any mental illness or disabilities. For future incidents the actions the company should take in this type of situation, is to move the employee to another department, and if the problem persist give the employee a final and after that proceed to termination. If Jim would have used that alternative, the outcome of this situation would have probably turned out better. 4. Miriam, the controller, is basically claiming that the company is retaliating against her for being pregnant, and that the fact that the company raised performance issues was just a smokescreen. Explain whether or not the EEOC and/or courts would agree with her and the actions the company should take now. Answer: In the situation with Miriam, she was fired for a legitimate reason because of her misconduct at work. The EEOC would not agree with her considering those circumstances. Miriam is trying to use her pregnancy as an excuse, in which have nothing to do with her termination. In this situation the company should make sure the allegations against her are legit, and have proof present to the courts or EEOC. If the company cannot provide proof then this will be a case to be turned around in favor of Miriam. . An employee who is deaf has asked to switch jobs to be a delivery person and he was turned down. He is now threatening to sue. Recommend what the company should do and describe why. Answer: The truck maintenance employee who was turned down A truck maintenance employee who is deaf, applied for a job driving one of Bandag’s distribution trucks, and Jim directly t urned him down because of his disability. We believe that the employee will win if he sues Jim, unless Jim can prove that the employee was denied because there were more qualified applicants and in no way because of his disability. Yet it is still pretty risky because the court system is very strict about the Americans with Disabilities Act. If the deaf employee can prove that Jim thinks that is absurd for a disabled person to drive a truck, he will win and cause monetary and public damages to the company. Our solution to mitigate the problem is to rescreen all applicants, including the employee to see if he is qualified for the job. If he is, offer him the job if he is still interested, and he will hopefully drop the case.

How Long Have Humans Been Making Things Out of Glass

Glass is an inorganic solid material that is usually clear or translucent with different colors. It is hard, brittle, and stands up to the effects of wind, rain or sun. Glass has been used for various kinds of bottles and utensils, mirrors, windows and more. It is thought to have been first created around 3000 BC, during the bronze age. Egyptian glass beads date back to about 2500 BC. Mosaic Glass Modern glass originated in Alexandria during the Ptolemaic period, artisans created mosaic glass in which slices of colored glass were used to create decorative patterns. Glassblowing Glassblowing was invented during the 1st century BC by the glassmakers of Syria. Lead Crystal Glass During the 15th century in Venice, the first clear glass called Cristallo was invented and then heavily exported. In 1675, glassmaker George Ravenscroft invented lead crystal glass by adding lead oxide to Venetian glass. Sheet Glass On March 25, 1902, Irving W Colburn patented the sheet glass drawing machine, making the mass production of glass for windows possible. Glass jars and Bottles On August 2, 1904, a patent for a glass shaping machine was granted to Michael Owen. The immense production of bottles, jars and other containers owes its inception to this invention. Reference Websites History of Stained GlassGlass EncyclopediaPioneers in the Optical SciencesCarl ZeissHistory of Bausch Lomb Incorporated Continue   MirrorsEye Glasses SunglassesContact Lenses The history of mirrors dates back to ancient times when mankind first saw reflections in a pond or river and considered it magic. Polished stone or metal was used in the first early man-made mirrors. Later glass was used in combination with metals like tin, mercury, and lead to create mirrors. Today, combining glass and metal is still the design used in almost all modern mirrors. Mirrors made by coating flat glass with silver or gold foil dates from Roman times and the inventor is unknown. Definition of a Mirror The definition of a mirror is a reflecting surface that forms an image of an object when light rays coming from that object fall upon the surface. Types of Mirror A plane mirror which is flat, reflects light without changing the image. A convex mirror looks like an upside-down bowl, in a convex mirror objects look bigger in the center. In a concave mirror which has a bowl shape, objects look smaller in the center. The concave parabolic mirror is the principal element of a reflecting telescope. Two-way Mirrors The two-way mirror was originally called the transparent mirror. The first US patent goes to Emil Bloch, a subject of the Emperor of Russia residing at Cincinnati, Ohio -- U.S. patent No.720,877, dated February 17th 1903. Just like a regular mirror there is a silver coating on the glass of a two-way mirror which when applied to the back of the glass renders the glass opaque and reflective on its face under ordinary light conditions. But unlike a regular mirror, a two-way mirror is transparent when strong light is flashed in the rear. Continue GlassEye Glasses SunglassesContact Lenses Around 1000AD, the first vision aid was invented (inventor unknown) called a reading stone, which was a glass sphere that was laid on top of the material to be read that to magnified the letters. Around 1284 in Italy, Salvino DArmate is credited with inventing the first wearable eye glasses. This picture is a reproduction copied from an original pair of eyeglasses dating back to the mid-1400s. Sunglasses Around the year 1752, eyeglass designer James Ayscough introduced his spectacles with double-hinged side pieces. The lenses were made of tinted glass as well as clear. Ayscough felt that white glass created an offensive glaring light, that was bad to the eyes. He advised the use of green and blue glasses. Ayscough glasses were the first sunglass like eyeglasses, but they were not made to shield the eyes from the sun, they corrected for vision problems. Foster Grants Sam Foster started the Foster Grant Company in 1919. In 1929, Sam Foster sold the first pair of Foster Grants sunglasses at the Woolworth on the Atlantic City Boardwalk. Sunglasses became popular in the 1930s. Polarizing Sunglass Lenses Edwin Land invented a cellophane-like polarizing filter patented in 1929. This was the first modern filter to polarize light. Polarizing celluloid became the critical element in creating polarizing sunglass lenses that reduces light glare. In 1932, Land along with Harvard physics instructor, George Wheelwright III, founded the Land-Wheelwright Laboratories in Boston. By 1936, Land had experimented with numerous types of Polaroid material in sunglasses and other optical devices. In 1937, Edwin Land founded the Polaroid Corporation and began to use his filters in Polaroid sunglasses, glare-free automobile headlights and stereoscopic (3-D) photography. However, Land is best known for his invention and marketing of instant photography. Reference Websites History of EyeglassesThe oldest known lens was found in the ruins of ancient Nineveh and was made of polished rock crystal, an inch and one-half in diameter. The rest of the history disputes the next listing. SpectaclesInventors Bacon, Keppler, Franklin, Airy, and Fick. BifocalsEye glasses that see near and far. Continue GlassMirrorsContact Lenses Adolph Fick first thought of making glass contact lenses in 1888, but it took until 1948 when Kevin Tuohy invented the soft plastic lens for contacts to become a reality. Reference Websites Contact Lenses History Continue GlassMirrorsEye Glasses Sunglasses

Essay about The Digital Millennium Copyright Act - 1449 Words

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act Signed into law by President Clinton on October 28, 1998, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) was the foundation of an effort by Congress to implement United States treaty obligations and to move the nations copyright law into the digital age. (Executive Summary DMCA Report) While this seems a valid description of the law, perhaps a more accurate interpretation lies in the following statement: The DMCA is a piece of legislation rushed through Congress by the entertainment industry lobbyists to protect its monopoly on commercially-developed digital content, cartels, price-fixing, and to maintain its status quo as the single entity that can direct what should be popular or used by†¦show more content†¦For example, the DMCA is often used by copyright holders to successfully fight Napster-like services and protect their anticopying technology. (Thibodeau 41) While it may seem logical that copyright holders want to protect their technology and interests, the truth is that the law impinges on the right of consumers to copy content. (Thibodeau 41) Obviously there is a conflict of interests at issue and a consensus is needed to protect both consumers as well as copyright holders. However, violating the founding principles of the nation, and citizens rights to freedom of speech is not the answer. Further, in court rulings related to the DMCA, the courts have imposed liability and enjoined conduct for what in other contexts would be considered fair use or freedom of the press. In addition, the DMCA has been used to stifle academic research, and to arrest and indict a Russian programmer who had come to the United States to present a paper at a conference. These cases and actions raise questions as to whether Congress has changed the established rules, rather than just modernizing them, for the digital era. (Ottaviani C1) This conduct demonstrates the great abuse of the DMCA in relation to the First Amendment; freedom of speech is the most important freedom granted to United States citizens and it must be protected. Before the DMCA was enacted, manufacturers of devices that permitted one to copy works generally considered themselves protected by the fair useShow MoreRelatedThe Digital Millennium Copyright Act1608 Words   |  7 PagesFailure to Protect and Abuses of the Section 1201 of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act Most laws are passed by the congress with intent to either limit the government s power or to benefit the country and it s people. This was the thought behind the ill fated and commonly criticized The DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act). 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The DMCA was passed in 1998 with the intention of stopping copyright infringers from circumventing anti-piracy protectionsRead Mo re The Effects of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 Essay1313 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 The verb copy is defined as â€Å"To reproduce an original.† (Webster, 57-58) This idea of copying has been around for hundreds of years. In the current time, laws have had to be written to protect against the idea of copying someone else’s work. 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One that always stood out was the piracy campaign ad which gave a perspective on the downloading of movies from an off set worker. His distinctive message was that, movie stars are paid exorbitant amounts of money but the on and off set workers are not. By downloading the movie or â€Å"screener† in advanced, you’re really hurting the people behind the magic. So what doesRead MoreDigital Millennium Copyright Act At The Embassy Level1237 Words   |  5 PagesThere are not many risks involved with the Digital Millennium Copyright act at the Embassy level, but there are a few. The only issues we could possible run into is that a single user illegally downloads copyrighted material. There are several policies and procedure put into place to stop this kind of abuse through our systems. One good thing is that the OSP to our Embassy will not be help accountable for any copyright violations as long as there procedures are in place. Another issue that may beRead MoreDigital Technology And Its Effects On The World1639 Words   |  7 Pagesagainst some very complex issues such as how to control piracy of copyrighted digital media. However, copyright owners have sought out legal means to protect their intellectual assets. In recent years copyright laws have been in effect to strike a balance between protecting the rights of authors, artist and copyright owners, and according to the U.S. Constitution, to â€Å"promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts.† Digital technology, unlike analog technology that preceded it, can make large copies

Financial Structure and International Debt Essay - 3463 Words

Chapter 14 Financial Structure and International Debt ( Questions 1. Objective. What, in simple wording, is the objective sought by finding an optimal capital structure? When taxes and bankruptcy costs are considered, a firm has an optimal financial structure determined by that particular mix of debt and equity that minimizes the firm’s cost of capital for a given level of business risk. If the business risk of new projects differs from the risk of existing projects, the optimal mix of debt and equity would change to recognize trade-offs between business and financial risks. 2. Varying Debt Proportions. As debt in a firm’s capital structure is increased from no debt to a significant proportion of debt (say, 60%),†¦show more content†¦Returns are not perfectly correlated between countries. In contrast, a domestic German firm would not enjoy the benefit of cash flow international diversification but would have to rely entirely on its own net cash inflow from domestic operations. Perceived financial risk for the German firm would be greater than for a multinational firm because the variability of its German domestic cash flows could not be offset by positive cash flows elsewhere in the world. 5. Ex-Post Cost of Borrowing. Exhibit 14.2 in the text shows that Deutsche Bank borrowed funds at a nominal cost of 9.59% per annum, but at a later date that debt was selling to yield 7.24%. Near the other extreme, the Kingdom of Thailand borrowed funds at a nominal cost of 8.70% but after the fact found the debt was sold in the market at a yield of 11.87%. What caused the changes, in this case in opposite directions, and what might management do to benefit (as Deutsche Bank did) rather than suffer (as the Kingdom of Thailand did)? Changes in foreign exchange rates caused the ex-post cost of borrowing to increase or decrease from what was originally expected. Management can only guess at future foreign exchange risk. 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Most companies have mix capital structure which incorporatesRead MoreArticles Relating to Capital Structure-Essay1658 Words   |  7 PagesContents :- Introduction on Capital Structure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 Summary and Evaluation of Articles†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 References/Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 â€Æ' Introduction On Capital Structure :- In the field of finance capital structure means a way an organization or firms finances their assets by the way of some mix and match of Equity, Debt or Hybrid Securities. The modern thinking on capital structure is based on the Modigliani-Miller theorem given by Franco Modigliani

Collective Organizational Linking Motivational

Question: Discuss about the Collective Organizational Linking Motivational. Answer: Introduction The managers all agree that in this century it demand that there should be efficiency and productivity in the business in order to be the market leaders. Most of the businesses are striving this in order to increase on their performance. Many organizations have been grappling with many challenges in order to succeed in order to be ahead of the competitors (Bakker, Albrecht and Leiter, 2011). Various scholars and researcher have contributed to helping the companies with the best techniques on increasing on the organizational performance. In order to achieve on the objectives, organizations need to develop on the strategies to compete on the highly competitive market so as to increase on their performance. This could be achieved through concepts such as total quality management and the business process Reengineering. Nonetheless, there are few organization that may consider on the human capital as the primary asset that is effective at leading them to success (Hanks, 2015). In the even t that the staff are not delighted by their work they are generally not motivated to rewarding on their duties and also their goals. Technological know-how nowadays possesses permitted numerous company to utilize the advanced strategies of operation (Van den Berg, Bakker and Ten Cate, 2013). As the sophistication these technologies proceeds to develop , these are posing a far more difficulties to the managers mainly because business should require a lot more variety of the employees with the increase in the technical and professional abilities . The staff involvement as a principle is substantial. It is critical to appreciate this concept distinct scholars possess the following indicating of motivation and employee engagement. Generally worker motivation is focused on getting something in turn for the effort they possess put (Hanks, 2015). Worker are encouraged by the notion of getting a bonus, rewards or maybe recognition. Furthermore, they could be inspired to seize much more duti es and get trumpeted. The satisfaction of these employee is what makes them happy. Motivation is the key influencer on the human behavior, and in fact some form of motivation is essential to all behavior, whether the basest of the instinctive response or perhaps the complex of the organizational tasks. Workers On the essay it is going to examine on the usage of the fundamental motivational concepts in improving on the staff engagement. Engagement is the facet of the partnership between the enterprise and staff. A worker who have been employed is the one who may have been assimilated by and obsessed with their work thus takes positive action to be able to further the repute and interests of the business .Any organization that has a high engagement with the employees is expected to outperform those with the low employee engagement (Van den Berg, Bakker and Ten Cate, 2013). Some of these theories that will be highlighted are MARS model, content theory, and the process theory. Additionally, the essay will show the comparison and the contrast that exists between them. MARS model MARS model of personal conduct is the model which seeks to extravagant on the conduct of the persons due to the internal as well as the external aspects. The names of the model are acronym for motivation, Abilities, role perception, and the situational factors. These are the four major factors in determining on the individuals behavior and the results. The application of this model might be used to several circumstances in the organization (Soane, Truss, Alfes, Shantz, Rees and Gatenby, 2012). The model could be applied in the management, or the organizational studies. On the use of the model represent the four factors which have mixed effects on the individual performance. In the event of any factor weakens, the performance would decrease. Motivation is the inner psychological factors which drive to the alterations of the conduct of the staff and result in the effectiveness of the overall performance. It should be noted that motivation is a continuous process which need to be sustained as well as develop due to individuals and the organizational factors that tends to change over time (Soane, Truss, Alfes, Shantz, Rees and Gatenby, 2012). The managers must make sure that every staff is motivated at work to ensuring that they feel contented so that they can improve on the performance in the dispensing effectual services (Schlager and Weible, 2013). These kind of elements are intertwined as an example of information analyst in a company is skilled in functioning of the report ( ability ) , the individual is self-taught about how to utilize the latest highlights of order to extrapolate the data ( role perception ), however this person might not possess the necessary usage of the data files ( situational factors ) . It is c ritical that each one of these aspects of the MARS model to be satisfied, worker behavior and performance will likely be afflicted adversely. The content theory describes exactly why the human requires alterations with time. The content theory consist of the work of David McClelland, and Abraham Maslow who attempted to describe why the human needs change, but not just how they change (Schaufeli and Bakker, 2004). The theories describe on particular aspects which motivate behaviour and employee engagement. The content theory which focusses on the employee engagement and motivation is the Maslow hierarchy of requirements. With this philosophy Maslow considered that every individuals has needs and the need that should be met. He believed that individuals are motivated to fulfillings on their own needs. The focus is on this theory because every person needs to focus on their own needs in order to achieve their own goals (Salanova and Schaufeli, 2008). There are certain aspects that needs to be fulfilled to be able to achieve the goals of an organization. One need to fulfill on the physiological needs, security should be there, affiliation, esteem to be able to actualize themselves (Riggio, 2015). Basic needs need to be met in the physiological need in order one to survive. Security is vital to ensure that the surrounding of an individual are not threatening them or their family. If the environment seems to be safe, it shows that there is predictability or stability to that surrounding. Affiliation entails the need to feel a sense of belonging or be loved (Need, 2006). This theory is significant for motivation and employee engagement because every individual should be motivated in order to fulfill on their needs and to strive for the next step until they strive and become better (Neck and Houghton, 2006). All the needs identified in this theory motivate the humans thus they start to care for themselves and live a rich life. Advantage of the Maslow theory to other content theory The advantage of the Maslow theory to the other content theory is its discerning insight into the human nature. It provides to interpret on the human behaviour and motivation (Moors, Ellsworth, Scherer and Frijda, 2013). Furthermore, it is significance in the present day use, much more on the globe of enterprise enables it to be more exceptional than the rest of the content theories. An example of the applicability, is when the managers benefit from the understanding of the employees basic human needs such as friendship, security of job, recognition for all the work they do well (Macey and Schneider, 2008). Additionally, creating of the environment that meets on these need could result to self-actualization of the team members who operate on their full potential for the business. The applicability of the theory is the most used especially to the developing countries especially where money is still used as the main motivating factor (Hanks, 2015). An example of an organization that ha s used Maslow theory is Tesco. The diagram below shows the Maslow hierarchy of needs pyramids on the essential needs. The process theory could be used in connection to the human motivation. It attempts to explain on the mechanism by which the human needs change (Macey and Schneider, 2008). Using the process theory, individuals measures on how the events in the specific process could lead to the outcome. The companies could use the theory to produce an outcome, they should duplicate on the process that is used to derive this means to explain on the needs of changes of employees. The process theory to choose from is the expectancy theory (Hanks, 2015). The theory plans that a person need to act in a particular method since they are motivated to choose a particular behavior over further behaviors as a result of whatever they are anticipate the consequence of that behavior that is chosen . The motivation as well as the engagement of the employees is contingent on the attractiveness of the result. The core of the theory is the cognitive means of precisely how an individual procedures the numerous aspects of motivation (Halbesleben and Bowler, 2007). This is normally carried out before making the final choice. You should notice that this is not such the sole deciding cause of creating the choice of just how they act. The principle is about the psychological techniques concerning the option, or maybe deciding on. It emphasizes on the processes, which an individual goes through to render the options. The theory emphasizes on the requires of the business to associate the benefits right to the performance in order to make sure that the rewards which are offered are those who are needed or maybe desired by the recipients (Halbesleben and Bowler, 2007). Employee engagement and motivation entails the means of regulating choices among the choices kinds of the voluntary actions, the method is controlled by the individuals. The people ought to render choices according to the estimates of precisely how well the outcomes which are estimated of a particular behavior are likely to match up or sim ply contributes to the ideal outcomes (Gupta, Chiles and McMullen, 2016). The motivation is normally the product of the person expectancy that particular effort could possibly lead to the designed performance. Further, I will put light on advantages of expectancy theory and disadvantages of other process theory. The advantage of the expectancy theory is that it offers a framework for considering precisely how person tends to make choices depending on the goals (Gagn and Deci, 2005). The element on the expectations facilitate the theory to account on the differences in the selections between people irrespective of the actual level of the try vital to achieve the rewards along with the precise advantage of the rewards. The theory is usually depending on the self-interest individual who wish to attain the maximum satisfaction and who wish to reduce on the discontent. Furthermore it focuses on the psychological extravagance in which the ultimate goal of the individuals would be to attain the optimum satisfaction and least distress .In the event that a person believe his effort could have no opportunity to outcome to particular reward, that particular performance level might lead to a reward or the reward could have no value, consequently there could be absolutely no motivation to function when i t comes to that individual reward (Gagn and Deci, 2005). This theory strains on the anticipation as well as perceptions on precisely what is the authentic and actual is immaterial. Disadvantage of other process theory. Some of the disadvantage of the theory is that it advocate the negative reinforcement. The aspect of negative reinforcement could entail punishment and extinction. The managers could use punishment or even a disciplinary action to deter the unwanted behaviors (Chalofsky and Krishna, 2009). This is simply not a great way when it comes to motivation or perhaps the involvement of the staff at work. For the workers to perform their work effectively there are other ways to punish their unpleasant consequences of their undesirable behavior from repeating them again. Punishment is not a good way for advocating employee engagement plan within the organization. Moreover these theories do not perceive motivational programs as equitable outcomes towards expectation of achieving it. How content and process theory benefits and increase employee engagements. The content theories usually focus within an individual that energize, sustain and stop behavior. The theories usually focusses on the specific needs which motivate individuals. These theories have been helpful in the discussion of motivation as well as employee engagement. The process theories provide the description as well as evaluation of precisely how conduct is energized, continual as well as stopped. The content along with the process concepts generally offer framework for the more beneficial comprehension of motivation and the way to employ on these kinds of principles. The content theories typically concentrate on individuals job satisfaction, behavior and reward system. The utilization of the theories is the fact individuals require deficiencies which activate tensions which is within an individual that trigger on the behavioral response (Chalofsky and Krishna, 2009). When the individuals are not receiving on what they have perceived they need, they usually would attempt to satisfy that need. Benefits of content and process theories These theories recognizes that motivation usually begins with the needs of individuals. The needs are usually deficiencies that trigger on the behaviors to satisfy those needs. The use of the theories help in the creation of the job satisfaction aspect (Cartwright and Holmes, 2006). The managers could adopt on some of the proposed ways of satisfying on the employees needs such as opportunities to use ones talent and creativity, work interests that offer a variety on how the employer would engage employees. Additionally, organizations are able to understand on the thought processes of the employees and what influences on their behavior (Birkland, 2014). The theories highlights that the motivation of the employees depends on the desired goals as well as strengths of their expectation in achieving these goals. Understanding the underling basic would be vital to many organization on helping the workers on the possible ways of achieving those goals. How content and process theories increase employee engagements These theories have been found to improve on the engagement of the employee. The organization need to understand where it is currently and it must understand on the components of the engagement within a given organization (Barrick, Thurgood, Smith and Courtright, 2015). The use of these theories help organization on how they could treat their employees better and how to motivate them (Bond, 2015). The staff engagement is associated with the company performance results. The concepts offer details precisely how the organizations might employ employees as well as have a greater employee retention due to the decreased turnover and diminished intention to entrust that specific firm (Bono and Judge, 2003). The theories have underlined on the importance along with positive effect of the worker engagement on the results of the enterprise, failing to offer on the cost benefit analysis for engagement decision. The theories have facilitated in the development of techniques to be able to maintai n workers engaged. For the managers the work for the engagement of the employees begins at day one by owning useful recruitment and orientation plan, it also begins at the top as it is very unthinkable to have an organization where there is no engaged leadership (Brad Shuck, Rocco and Albornoz, 2011). The essence of having these theories provides a framework of developing the best strategies that could be adopted in the organization and consequently improve on the performance. Conclusion Motivation and employee engagement are the key aspect to improve on the performance of the organization. To date there is absolutely no usually recognized description for the involvement of employee. Numerous business are contending to be able to survive in the volatile and the fierce market environment. The motivation and performance of the worker are crucial tools for the success of any administration, since it highlights on the evolution as well as the achievement of the organization. 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